Apparatus for transmitting heat from one fluid to another.



PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

w. J. STILL. APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT FROM ONE FLUID TO' ANOTHER. APPLICATION FILED MAB. 9. 1905.

5 SHEETS--SHEET 1 No. 880,417. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908. W. J. STILL.

' APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT PROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER.

v APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 9.1905.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

No. 880,417. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908. W. J. STILL.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT PROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. 1905.

' 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3,

'No. 880,417. PATENTED FEB. 25, 1908.

W. J. STILL.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING. HEA'LFROM ONE FLUID TO ANOIHER.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9. 1905.

5 SHEETSSHEET 4.

N0. 880 417. TE W. J. S I L PATEN D FEB 25, 1908 APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT FROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER.'

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 9. 1905.

5 SHEETSSHEET 5.

IHlllllllllllllllllllllliliIIIHIHIIIIHHU llHlIllHill!\lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll IIHHHIIIHIIHHIllIlllilHIHHIIIlllllllillllllllllHllHIIHllll1lllHHllllllllllllllllHllllllllllllllll WILLIAM JOSEPH STILL, OF EALING, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING HEAT FROM ONE FLUID TO ANOTHER.

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Application filed March 9. 1905. Serial No. 245L327- T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM J OSEPH STILL, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Eallng, in the county of Middlesex, England, have invented an A paratus for Transmitting Heat from One Ffllld to Another, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has for object, inter alia, to transmit heat from one fluid to another in such a way that the metal employed is used to its full advantage, a smaller space is occupied, and the cost is reduced. For this conductors are thus in accord with the rate amples ofapparatus in accordance with this of heat transference between the conductors and the fluid into which they roject; as far as practicable the areas of t e conductors in contact with the fluid are inversely pro- 1portional to the diflerences of temperature etween the plates and the parts of the fluid into which they project; in the case of conductors projecting to different extents into the hotter of the two fluids, the conductors will project into difierent parts thereof more or less according as those parts are respectively lower' or higher in temperature. The accompanying drawings illustrate exinvention. Q

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly sectional, of an examfple of heat transmitting section adapted or the generation of steam; Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same; Fig. 3 is an end elevation of a tee-headed rod by meansof which the a paratus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 can be cleaned; Fig. 4 is a side elevation of said rod; Fig. 5 represents in plan, a steam generating section that is constructed as shown in Figs. '1 and 2 but is provided with a dummy end to facilitate cleaning.

Figs. 6 and 7 are cross sectional elevations" taken on the lines A A and B B of Fig. 5;

Figs. 8 t 13 are longitudinal central sections a through portions of a parat'us such as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, (Sen 7 illustrating alternative constructions of the heat transmitting plate or platesand intervening rings; Fig. 14 1s a transverse section of apparatus similar to that shown in-Figs. 1 and 2, but comprising plates and rings ofoval form. Fig. 15 is a transverse section of similar apparatus wherein the plates and rings are of rectangular form; Figs. 16 and 17 are respectively a transverse section and a plan of a modified construction of steam generating apparatus; Fig. 18 is a transverse section of a further modification thereof; Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively an end and a side elevation of a Wire brush adapted for cleaning the interior of apparatus illustrated in preceding figures. 1

The example of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which has been found to give good results in practice as a steam generator, comprises a single com ound tube composed of narrow rings 1 an conductin plates 2 of larger diameter that separate t e rings and are arranged alternately therewith in such a manner as to form a continuous tube. The rings 1 and plates 2 are held to ether by means of bolts 3 that ass through olt-holes 4 in the plates 2 insi e the rings 1, and are furnished with heads 5 and boXnuts 6 that are faced true; and that when screwed home cause the com onents 1 and 2 of the tube to be compresse between the erd lates 2". The rings 1 are cut from tubes 0 suitable diameter, and one face of each ringviz. that shown to theleft of each rin in Fig. 1is of reduced breadth, so that eac of the plates 2 :is clamped between a broad surface on one side and a narrow one on the other. The

section of a ring 1 may be tee shaped, or it may be trapezoidal, or polygonal, so'long as a broad and a narrow face are resented.

In addition to the bolt ho es 4 there are formed in the lates 2 slots 7 that radiate from a central ole 8, and terminate at the inner periphery of the rings 1. The slots 7 in each-plate do not lie in the same direction as, but are arranged at right angles to, those in the' adjacent plates, as shown in Fig. 2, where the aperture inthe plate to the rear of that fully shown is indicated in dotted lines. From the bolt holes 4 there extend radially to the inside of the rings 1 slots .9 into which, to insure that the. rings 1 are in alinement with one another, there are driven between these rings and the bolts. 3 small rods 10 whose cross section. is such as not to inter- Patented Feb. 25, 1908.

I fere with circulation along the bolts 3. These rods 10 may conveniently be all of tee crosssection, as shown in Fig. 2.

Composite tubes of the type shown in Figs.

1 and 2 can be cleaned by means of a teeheaded rod such as that shown in Figs. 3 and 4; the cleaning of the a paratus being effected by inserting the hea 11 of the rod through the slots.7 in the outer plate, resting the rod 12 in the hole 8, and by an alternately recip rocatory and longitudinal movement assin the rod 12 up the entire len' h of the tu e, an

its head 11 successively tirough the slots 7 and the s aces which are between theplates 2 and WhlGll are fitted by the head 11. I

It will be seen from Fig. 2 that each central x .hole 8 and its extensions 7 divide that por% tion of the corresponding conducting plate 1- which is located within the tube into segments the edge of each of which does not ex.- tend inwards beyond a straight line connecting together the peripheral ends of the edge in question; consequently the edges will not, as they would if they were to pro'ect inwards in the manner stated, be llabie to be Warped by changes in temperature and so to prevent the proper insertion of the cleaning tool through the perforations 8 and extensions 7 and into the spaces between the tubular extension 15 which forms a steam chest, is furnished at its. side with a screwed steam outlet 17 and isclosed by the true end 18 which is held down by the box nuts 6 on the bolts 3. For cleaning purposes the end 18 is removed, the bolts not provided with nuts 16 are withdrawn, and the section is cleaned in the manner already described by means of a rod such as is shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

Water is supplied to the section by means of a tee connection 19 at the end opposite to the steam chest 15. Through this extension there passes the lowest removable bolt 3, and there are formed in the end plate suitable openings 21 around the bolt to allow the Water to pass from the tee piece to the interior of the section. It is es eciall important that the cross-section of t e rod s 10 should in this instance be such as to permit free cirof tee section as shown in Fig. 6.

the scale that has been detached by the tool 12 to be scraped out of the tube. Apparatus constructed as above described 1s particularly suitable for employment in the manufacture of flash boilers. Many modifications in detail may of course be made; the broad surface of each ring may, for instance,- as shown in Fig. 8, be lined-with circular grooves 22, or there may be provided in each ring, as shown in Fig. 9, a large groove 23 into which a plate 2 can be compressed by the corresponding annular projection 24 upon an adjacent ring; or a plate may in its manufacture be formed with a circular indentation; .25 that fits into the groove 23 and is adapted to receive the projection 24. Again, where1there is to be no eat heat, as inthejjcase of radiators, both aces of a ring may, as shown in Fig. 10, be broad and furnished withwgrooves 26; suitable packing ma in this case be inserted, or the ring may packing material. Again, the ring 1 and the indentations 25 u on the plates 2 may, as shown in Fig. 11, e so formed that but one ring is required between a pair of lates, and the next pair of plates (one plate eing common to both of the pairs referred to) will abut against one another at 27 and yet will be correctly spaced apart. Again, the indentations 25 may, as shown in Fig. 12, be

.such that no separate rings are. required.

Again, the rings 1 may be ,cast upon the plates 2 and form part of them as shown in Fig. 13. Moreover, the rings 1 and r the plates 2, instead of being circular, may be of oval or approximately oval form, as shown in Fig. 14, or of rectangular form, as shown in Fig. 15, the slots 7 and the bolt-holes 8 being then disposed in the manner indicated in these figures.

Where, as in the modified construction shown in Figs. 16 and 17, but one row of tubes is employed, a good form of plate is a stampedout of suitable heart shaped one, the apex of the heart being taking place from its upper portion to its lower point 30 which is exposed to the flame of the burners 31. At the top of the heart there is provided a baffle 32 to return the gases downwards towards the center 33 of the heart before they are allowed to escape. In arrangements comprising more than one row of tubes a construction similar to that last described may also advantageously be adopted in the case of the row last exposed to the action of the hot gases.

An effect similar to that of the apparatus last described, but more marked, is "produced by means of the arrangement shown in transverse section in Fig. 18, wherein each plate 2 is of spiral form, and attains its maximum breadth at a point 34 near a horizontal line through the center of the ring 1 The flame enters at 35 and the products of combustion pass between the plates 2 below the rings 1, circularly along the bottom, up the side 36, and after passing over the top, are

directed by means of the baflie 37 towards the point 34 at which they escape in a cooled condition. Tubes provided with spiral plates of the kind in question arebest arranged in pairs and may conveniently have their points of egress away from each other, as shown in Fig. 18.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7, Fig. 16 and Fig. 18.illus trate arrangements in which heat is transmitted from one fluid to another by means of conducting plates that are immersed in both fluids and each of which has portions projecting into different parts of a fluid to different extents according as the said parts are respectively lower or higher in temperature, the extent to which the plates project into the diflerent parts of the fluid being inversely proportional to the ,corresponding differences of temperature between the plates and the fluid.

For heating air by means of steam or hot water the arrangement shown in Fig. 16 may be employed, the air flowing upwardly between the plates, while the steam or water passes through the tubular space within the rings. The plates may moreover in apparatus of this type in some instances be of the form shown in Fig. 2, or of that shown in Fig. 15. For some boilers it is advisable to pass the hot gases through the tubes inside the rings 1. When this is done, soot is liable to accumulate in the tubes; and for its removal there is rovided a wire brush, of the kind shown in vigs. 19 and 20, that canbe used in themanner already described with reference to and shown in Fi s. 3 anti 4. In some cases bolts 3 may be dispensed with, the rings 1 and plates 2 constituting each section being tinned, erected, and clamped, then heated until they unite, when the clamps can be removed; this mode of manufacture is particu: larly suited to indented plates and for apparatus intended for low temperatures and small pressures. In boilers having inclined tubes the tubes may be cleaned from the lower or water feed end, the dummy end being fitted there wit-h suitable water con nections. Where desirable, non-corrosiye substances such as glass, earthenware, or vulcanite may be used, their surfaces and sections being proportioned to their conductivity.

What I claim is 1. Ap aratus for transmitting heat from one fiu1 i to,another, com rising a wall arranged between the two fluids and having heat conductors in connection therewith, each of said conductors having portions'projecting from saidwall into one of said fluids atdifferent arts thereof to different extents and more or essaccording as said parts differ respectively less or more in temperature from the conductingportions in contact therewith.

2.'A p(paratus for transmitting heat from one flui 'to another, comprising a wall arwhich projects inwards an ranged between the two fluids and having heat conducting plates in connection therewith, each of said plates-having portions projecting from said wall into one of said fluids less or more in temperature from the conductor portions in contact therewith.

4-. Ap aratus for transmitting'heat from one fluid to another including a wall located between said fluids and comprising heat-conducting lates each projecting from said wall into botl f fluids and each having portions extending into one of said fluids at different parts thereof to different extents and more or less according as said parts differ respectively less or more in temperaturev from the plate ortions in contact therewith.

5. or transmitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conductin plates each of d outwards of the tube and has portions projectin into different parts ofone of said fluids to d' erent extents and more or less according as said parts differ respectively less or more in temperature from the plate portions invcontact therewith.

6. For transmitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each of which projects inwards and outwards of the tube and has portions projecting outwards of the tube into different parts of one of said fluids to different extents and more or less according as said parts differ ,respectively less or more in temperature from the plate portions in contact therewith.

7. For transmitting heat" from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each of which projects inwards and outwards of the tube and has portions projecting outwards of the tube into different parts of one, of-said fluids to different extents and more or less according as said parts differ respectively less or more in tern erature from the plate portions in contact t ierewith, the portionof each of-said plates within the tube having a central hole extending radially at one or more parts to the internal periphery of the tube.

8. For transmitting heat from one fluid to I another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conductin plates each of which pro ects inwards an outwards of the tube, the portion of each of said late's within which rejects inwards of'the tube, the portion 0 eachiof said plates within the tube having a central hole extending radially at one or more-parts to theginternal perip ery of the tube. and dividing such portion of the plate into segments the edge of each of which does not e'xtend'beyond a straight line connecting togetherthe peripheral ends of theedge in uestion, the radial extensions in adjacent lates being out of alinement with each ot er.

. 10. For transmitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each i of which projects inwards of the tube, the portion of each of said plates within the tube aving a central hole extending radially at one or morepartsto the internal periphery. of the tube, such radial extensions in adjacent plates being'out of alinernent with each other and said plates being also provided, at the internaliperiphery of the tube, with holes in/ ali nement with one another and ada ted to enable scale that has been detached wlthin the tube to be removed therefrom.

11. Fortran srnitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which. comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each of which projects inwards .and outwards of the tube, the outwardly projecting portion having its periphery gradually receding from said tube up to a point and then approaching to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each of whichprojects inwards and outwards of the tube, the outwardly extending portion gradually extending from the tube to different extents in opposite directions from the point nearest the tube.

13. For transmitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube-the wall of which comprises transverse heat-conducting plates each of which projects inwards and outwards of the tube, the outwardly projecting portion of each plate having a circular periphery eccentric to said tube.

14. For transmitting heat from one fluid to another, a tube the wall of which comprises transverse heat-co'nducting plates each of which projects inwards and outwards of the tube and has portions projecting out- .wards of the tube. into different parts of the hotter of said fluids to different extents and more or less according as said parts are res ectively lower or higher in temperature,"

t e portion of each of said plates wlthin the tube having a central hole extending radially to the internal periphery of the tube and dividing that portion of the corresponding plate which is located Within the tube into segments the edge of each of which does not extend beyond a straight line connecting together the peripheral ends of the edge in Question.

Signed at London, England, this 25th day of February, 1905.

WILLIAM JOSEPH STILL.

' Witnesses:

H. D. JAMEsoN, F. L. RAND. 

